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Cytology · Year 1 · Medical University of Sofia

22

Coated vesicles

Free notes for topic 22 of the Cytology syllabus, open without an account. Written by a senior student against the syllabus question and checked line by line by a second student before publishing. How content is made

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Summary

note

Coated vesicles are 20 to 250 nm, have a single membrane, transport proteins, lipids or secretory products between cellular compartments, and are formed of coat proteins.

There are three types, and the coat is what names each one.

Clathrin-coated vesicles are involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Coatomer-coated vesicles carry material between the ER and the Golgi: COP II anterograde, from ER to Golgi; COP I retrograde, from Golgi to ER. Caveolae are small invaginations of the plasma membrane, abundant in endothelial cells, involved in potocytosis.

1. What a coated vesicle is

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Coated vesicles have a size of 20 to 250 nm and a single membrane.

  • They transport proteins and lipids, or secretory products, between cellular compartments.
  • They are formed of coat proteins.

There are three types.

2. Clathrin-coated vesicles

note

Clathrin-coated vesicles are involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis.

  • They contain spines, which are transmembrane proteins made up of clathrin, attached to the coated vesicle.
  • They are formed by endocytosis or by the Golgi apparatus.
  • Cell surface receptors form, with the coat proteins, a coated pit. Coated pits are regions of the cell membrane specialised in receptor-mediated endocytosis.

3. Coatomer-coated vesicles

note

Coatomer-coated vesicles are the ones that move material between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi.

  • COP II is responsible for anterograde transport, from the ER to the Golgi complex.
  • COP I is responsible for retrograde transport, from the Golgi to the ER. It also carries out intra-Golgi transport.

The pair is the same one that guides movement through the Golgi stack itself, and it reverses easily under pressure. COP II carries material onward; COP I brings it back.

4. Caveolae

note

Caveolae are small invaginations of the plasma membrane, 50 to 100 nm.

  • They are abundant in endothelial cells, which are the place of exchange of metabolites between cells.
  • They are involved in potocytosis, a type of receptor-mediated endocytosis.
  • Potocytosis involves caveolins, which are integral membrane proteins, and cavins, which are peripheral membrane proteins.

A caveola is not a fully formed vesicle at rest; it is a dimple in the membrane, which is what the name means.

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