Anatomy I: notes and exam prep for MU Plovdiv

Locomotory System41 topics

1. 1Bone as an organfree
2. 2Joints between bones - general characteristicsfree
3. 3Synovial joints (diarthroses) - the structure of the synovial joints: basic and additional elementsfree
4. 4Vertebral columnfree
5. 5Skeleton of the thoraxfree
6. 6Joints between the vertebral column and the skullfree
7. 7Joints between the skull bonesfree
8. 8Joints of the shoulder girdlefree
9. 9Elbow jointfree
10. 10Joints of the handfree
11. 11Joints of the pelvic girdlefree
12. 12Hip jointfree
13. 13Knee jointfree
14. 14Joints between the leg bonesfree
15. 15Joints of the foot - subtalar joint and talo-calcaneo-navicular jointfree
16. 16Foot as a wholefree
17. 17Structure of skeletal muscle: auxiliary structures, classification of muscles, biomechanicsfree
18. 18Muscles of the shoulder girdle - groups, attachments, action, and nerve supplyfree
19. 19Muscles of the upper arm - groups, attachments, action, and nerve supplyfree
20. 20Muscles of the forearm - groups, attachments, action, and nerve supplyfree
21. 21Muscles of the hand - groups, attachments, action, and nerve supplyfree
22. 22Synovial sheaths of the upper limbfree
23. 23Muscles of the pelvic girdle - groups, attachments, action, and nerve supplyfree
24. 24Muscles of the femoral region - groups, attachments, action and nerve supplyfree
25. 25Muscles of the leg - groups, attachments, action and nerve supplyfree
26. 26Muscles of the foot - groups, attachments, action and nerve supplyfree
27. 27Synovial sheaths of the lower limbfree
28. 28Topography of the upper limb - lateral (quadrangular) and medial (triangular) axillary space, humeromuscular canalfree
29. 29Topography of the lower limb - suprapiriform foramen, infrapiriform foramen, vascular, , muscular and lymphatic lacuna, obturator and femoral canalfree
30. 30Topography of the lower limb - Femoral triangle, adductor canal, popliteal fossa, cruropopliteus canal, superior and inferior musculoperoneal canalfree
31. 31The superficial veins of the upper and lower limbsfree
32. 32The axillary arteryfree
33. 33The arteries of the upper limb - the brachial artery, the radial artery and the ulnar arteryfree
34. 34The external and internal iliac arteriesfree
35. 35The arteries of the lower limb - the femoral artery, the popliteal arteryfree
36. 36Arteries of the leg and footfree
37. 37Brachial plexusfree
38. 38Musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nervefree
39. 39Radial and axillary nervefree
40. 40Lumbar plexusfree
41. 41Sacral and coccygeal plexusfree

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Nervous System and Sensory Organs75 topics

1. 1Skull (cranium) - facial cranium and neurocranium (cranial skull)
2. 2External surface of the base of the skull - elements, passing through the openings and canals
3. 3Internal surface of the base of the skull - elements, passing through the openings and canals
4. 4Lateral aspect of the skull: temporal, infratemporal, and pterygopalatine fossae
5. 5Orbit
6. 6Skeleton of the nasal cavity
7. 7Nervous system - definition
8. 8General principles in the function of the nervous system
9. 9Spinal cord - position, shape, size, segments
10. 10Spinal cord. Grey matter - arrangement and structure
11. 11Spinal cord. The white matter - ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts. Intersegmental (proper) tracts
12. 12Brain - embryonic development, shape, size
13. 13The reticular formation
14. 14Medulla oblongata - position, size, the external view (aspect
15. 15Medulla oblongata - the internal structure - grey matter
16. 16Medulla oblongata - the internal structure - white matter
17. 17Pons - description, basilar part - external and internal structure
18. 18Pons - description, dorsal part - external and internal structure
19. 19Cerebellum - description, external structure
20. 20Cerebellum - cortex
21. 21Cerebellum - nuclei and white matter
22. 22The fourth ventricle
23. 23Midbrain - external structure
24. 24Midbrain - internal structure - cerebral peduncles, tectum
25. 25Midbrain - internal structure, tegmentum
26. 26Diencephalon - dorsal thalamus
27. 27Metathalamus, epithalamus
28. 28Diencephalon - ventral thalamus
29. 29Diencephalon - hypothalamus
30. 30Cerebrum (forebrain) - description, embryonic development
31. 31Cerebral cortex
32. 32Cortical areas
33. 33Basal nuclei of the cerebrum
34. 34White matter of the hemispheres
35. 35Olfactory apparatus (rhinencephalon)
36. 36Limbic system - limbic cortex
37. 37Limbic system - limbic nuclei and limbic pathways
38. 38The lateral ventricle
39. 39The meninges of the brain - dura matter
40. 40The meninges of the brain - arachnoid and pia matter
41. 41Blood supply of the brain
42. 42Ascending pathways for general sensation. Pathway for superficial mechanoreception
43. 43Ascending pathways for general sensation. Pathway for pain and temperature
44. 44Ascending pathways for general sensation. Pathway for proprioception. Pathway for internal sensation
45. 45Visual sensory pathway
46. 46Acoustic and vestibular sensory pathway
47. 47Efferent pathways from the cerebral cortex. The pyramid system)
48. 48Efferent pathways from the cerebral cortex. The extrapyramid system
49. 49Neuro-endocrine pathway
50. 50Peripheral nervous system - description
51. 51Third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves - nuclei, position, characteristics
52. 52Trigeminal nerve - nuclei, ganglion and the first (ophthalmic) branch
53. 53Trigeminal nerve - nuclei, ganglion and the second (maxillary) branch
54. 54Trigeminal nerve - nuclei, ganglion and the third (mandibular) branch
55. 55Facial nerve
56. 56Glossopharyngeal nerve
57. 57Vagus nerve
58. 58Accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve
59. 59Spinal nerves - number, groups, formation
60. 60Autonomic nervous system - definition, criteria for division into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
61. 61Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system - nuclei, sympathetic trunk, prevertebral ganglia, nerves
62. 62Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
63. 63Plexuses of the autonomic nervous system in the thorax, abdominal and pelvic cavities - formation, position, organs innervated by them
64. 64Gustatory organ
65. 65Organ of vision - general remarks
66. 66The eyeball - middle (vascular) coat - parts, description
67. 67Retina
68. 68Internal nucleus of the eyeball
69. 69Accessory organs of the eyeball - extraocular muscles
70. 70Accessory organs of the eyeball - eyebrows, eyelids, conjunctiva
71. 71Acoustic and vestibular organ - general characteristics, ontogenesis
72. 72Middle ear
73. 73Internal ear. The bony labyrinth
74. 74Internal ear. The membranous labyrinth - cochlear part. Organ of Corti. Cochlear nerve. Pathway of hearing
75. 75Internal ear. The membranous labyrinth - vestibular part. Organ of equilibrium. Vestibular nerve. Pathway of equilibrium

Practical Exam1 topics

1. 1Practical Exam