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Year 3 · Medicine and Dental Medicine · Medical University of Sofia

Pathophysiology: notes and exam prep for MU Sofia

Pathophysiology for Year 3 Medicine and Dental Medicine at the Medical University of Sofia: all 168 syllabus topics in 12 sections, with exam-focused notes, figures, flashcards and SuperPrep recall sets.

Dental Medicine students sit Pathophysiology in Year 3 with the same syllabus, so this is their subject too: the same topics, numbered the same way.

What Pathophysiology has on SuperMed

  • Notes on every topic, written to answer the syllabus question as it is asked, with 927 figures and diagrams.
  • 7,300 flashcards for the facts you have to recall, with spaced review.
  • SuperPrep : 753 recall sets. A short piece of material, then questions on all of it from memory, at the grade you are aiming for.

The Pathophysiology syllabus

Every topic, numbered as the department numbers it.

Every Pathophysiology topic opens with Super.Super is €15 a month

Cell injury and tumour growth6 topics

  1. 1Cell injury - etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms
  2. 2Cellular adaptation and reversible cellular injury
  3. 3Irreversible cell damage. Cell death (oncosis, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis). Necrosis
  4. 4Pathophysiology of tumor growth - general characteristics, classification and etiology of tumors. Proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and viral oncogenes
  5. 5Pathophysiology of tumor growth - stages of carcinogenesis (initiation, promotion, progression, invasion, and metastasis)
  6. 6Pathophysiology of tumor growth - tumor metabolism, relationship between the tumor and the immune system, paraneoplastic syndrome

Immunopathology13 topics

  1. 7Hypersensitivity reaction type I (cytotropic/anaphylactic reaction)
  2. 8Hypersensitivity reaction type II (cytotoxic/cytolytic reaction)
  3. 9Hypersensitivity reaction type III (immune-complex reaction)
  4. 10Hypersensitivity reaction type IV (cell mediated reaction)
  5. 11Hypersensitivity reaction type V (antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity)
  6. 12Hypersensitivity reaction type VI (antibody-mediated cellular dysfunction)
  7. 13Autoinflammatory diseases - classification, etiology, pathogenesis
  8. 14Autoimmunity and immunological tolerance
  9. 15Primary immunodeficiency diseases - combined T- and B-cell immune deficiency
  10. 16Primary immunodeficiency diseases affecting adaptive immunity (combined T- and B-cell immune deficiency, B- and T - cell immune deficiency)
  11. 17Primary immunodeficiency diseases affecting innate immunity (NK -cell immune deficiency due to phagocyte dysfunction, lack of complement factors)
  12. 18Secondary immunodeficiency diseases. HIV infection and AIDS
  13. 19Pathophysiology of transplant rejection

Infection, inflammation, fever and stress11 topics

  1. 20Infectious process and infectious disease - etiology, epidemiology, chain of infection, clinical manifestations of infections
  2. 21Infectious process and infectious disease - molecular mechanisms of the infectious process (entry and colonization, microbial adhesion and tissue tropism, colonization, dissemination)
  3. 22Infectious process and infectious disease - microorganism-host interaction, toxic effects of microorganisms
  4. 23Inflammation - definition, etiology, classification, cellular and biochemical components of inflammation, cell adhesion molecules, mediators and inhibitors of inflammation, receptors, and signal-trans
  5. 24Inflammation - pathogenesis (phase of primary damage, vascular phase, cellular phase, phase of secondary damage, resolution) and clinical manifestations
  6. 25Acute inflammation - classification, etiology, pathogenesis
  7. 26Chronic inflammation - classification, etiology, and pathogenesis
  8. 27Systemic inflammation - etiology and pathogenesis
  9. 28Fever - etiology, pathogenesis, beneficial and harmful effects, clinical manifestations
  10. 29Hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  11. 30Stress and distress - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations

Pain and the nervous system14 topics

  1. 31Pain - classification, etiology, and pathogenesis
  2. 32Headache - classification, etiology, and pathogenesis
  3. 33Cerebral edema - classification, etiology, and pathogenesis
  4. 34Cerebrovascular disease - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  5. 35Syncope - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  6. 36Epilepsy - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  7. 37Multiple Sclerosis - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  8. 38Parkinson's disease - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  9. 39Alzheimer's disease - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  10. 40Huntington's disease - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  11. 41Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  12. 42Myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton syndrome- etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  13. 43Paresis and paralysis - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  14. 44Polyneuropathies - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations

Endocrine system22 topics

  1. 45Hypersomatotropinemia, hyposomatotropinemia and hyperprolactinemia - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  2. 46Schwartz - Bartter syndrome (SIADH) and diabetes insipidus - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  3. 47Panhypopituitarism - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  4. 48Hyperthyroidism - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  5. 49Thyroiditis - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  6. 50Hypothyroidism - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  7. 51Hyperparathyroidism - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  8. 52Hypoparathyroidism - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  9. 53Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  10. 54Hyperinsulinism - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  11. 55Diabetes mellitus type 1 - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  12. 56Diabetes mellitus type 2 - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  13. 57Gestational diabetes mellitus and symptomatic diabetes mellitus - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  14. 58Acute complications of diabetes (hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar state)
  15. 59Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (molecular mechanisms, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic polyneuropathy)
  16. 60Hyperglucocorticism - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  17. 61Hyperaldosteronism - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  18. 62Adrenal hyperandrogenism (adrenogenital syndrome) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  19. 63Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  20. 64Acute adrenal insufficiency - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  21. 65Chronic adrenal insufficiency - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  22. 66Carcinoid syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations

Metabolic disorders, water-electrolyte and acid-base balance10 topics

  1. 67Obesity and metabolic syndrome X - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  2. 68Dyslipidemia - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  3. 69Hyperhomocysteinemia - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  4. 70Amyloidosis - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  5. 71Dehydration and hyperhydration - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  6. 72Disorders in sodium, potassium, and magnesium metabolism - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  7. 73Edema - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  8. 74Disorders of calcium-phosphorus exchange - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  9. 75Iron overload (hemochromatosis and hemosiderosis) and Iron deficiency - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  10. 76Acid -base balance disorders - classification, etiology, adaptive-compensatory mechanisms, pathogenesis

Hypoxia and the respiratory system13 topics

  1. 77Hypoxia - classification, etiology, adaptive -compensatory mechanisms, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations
  2. 78Quantitative and qualitative breathing disorders. Basic pathogenetic mechanisms of lung diseases
  3. 79Cough - classification, etiology, pathogenesis
  4. 80Inflammatory lung diseases (ARDS, pneumonia, tuberculosis) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  5. 81Obstructive lung diseases (chronic bronchitis, emphysema) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  6. 82Obstructive lung diseases (bronchial asthma) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  7. 83Obstructive lung diseases (cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  8. 84Restrictive lung diseases (neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  9. 85Diseases of the pleura (pneumothorax, pleurisy, pleural effusion) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  10. 86Pulmonary hypertension - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  11. 87Pulmonary embolism - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  12. 88Acute respiratory failure - etiology, pathogenesis, compensatory mechanisms, and clinical manifestations
  13. 89Chronic respiratory failure - etiology, pathogenesis, compensatory mechanisms, and clinical manifestations

Blood and haemostasis18 topics

  1. 90Changes in the volume of the blood (hypovolemia and hypervolemia) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  2. 91Erythrocytosis and polycythemia rubra vera - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  3. 92Anemias - definition, etiology, classification, pathomorphology, pathogenesis, compensatory mechanisms, and clinical manifestations
  4. 93Acute and chronic posthemorrhagic anemia
  5. 94Iron deficiency anemia - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  6. 95Megaloblastic anemias - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  7. 96Hypoplastic and aplastic anemia - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  8. 97Congenital hemolytic anemias - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  9. 98Acquired hemolytic anemias - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  10. 99Anemias in chronic diseases - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  11. 100Leukocytosis and leukopenia - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  12. 101Leukemias and lymphomas - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  13. 102Thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopathy - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  14. 103Coagulopathies - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  15. 104Thrombohemorrhagic vasculitis (HUS, TTP and DIC) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  16. 105Thrombosis - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  17. 106Embolism - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  18. 107Hemorrhage - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations

Cardiovascular system27 topics

  1. 108Essential hypertension - classification, etiology, and pathogenesis
  2. 109Secondary hypertension - classification, etiology, and pathogenesis
  3. 110Hemodynamic damage from arterial hypertension. Clinical course
  4. 111Shock - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, compensatory mechanisms, and clinical manifestations
  5. 112Chronic hypotension - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  6. 113Endothelial dysfunction, arterial and venous hyperemia - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  7. 114Ischemia and stasis - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  8. 115Atherosclerosis - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  9. 116Vasculitis - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  10. 117Ischemic heart disease - etiology, classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  11. 118Chronic coronary syndromes (stable angina pectoris, silent myocardial ischemia, ischemic cardiomyopathy) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  12. 119Acute coronary syndromes (unstable angina pectoris, Prinzmetal angina) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  13. 120Acute coronary syndromes (myocardial infarction) - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  14. 121Infective endocarditis - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  15. 122Heart valve disease- classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  16. 123Myocarditis - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  17. 124Cardiomyopathies - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  18. 125Pericarditis and cardiac tamponade- classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  19. 126Arrhythmias - classification, etiology, main pathogenetic mechanisms
  20. 127Nomotopic arrhythmias (sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  21. 128Supraventricular arrhythmias (atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  22. 129Supraventricular arrhythmias (AV- nodal reentry tachycardia, AV- nodal tachycardia in additional conduction pathways - WPW- and LGL-syndrome) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  23. 130Ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular flutter) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  24. 131Conduction blocks (intraatrial, AV- nodal and intraventricular) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  25. 132Heart failure - etiology, classification, compensatory mechanisms, and clinical manifestations
  26. 133Acute heart failure - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  27. 134Chronic heart failure - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations

Gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas21 topics

  1. 135Abdominal pain - classification, etiology, and pathogenesis
  2. 136Gastrointestinal bleeding- classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  3. 137Constipation and diarrhea - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  4. 138Nausea and vomiting - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  5. 139Diseases of the esophagus (achalasia, GERD, esophagitis) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  6. 140Diseases of the stomach (gastroparesis, gastritis) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  7. 141Peptic ulcer disease - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  8. 142Gastric dumping syndrome - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  9. 143Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, Ulcerative colitis, gluten enteropathy) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  10. 144Irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulosis, and diverticulitis - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  11. 145Acute intestinal obstruction - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  12. 146Pancreatitis - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  13. 147Maldigestion and malabsorption syndrome - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  14. 148Acute and chronic hepatitis - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  15. 149Wilson's disease and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  16. 150Diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts (cholecystitis, cholangitis, cholestasis) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  17. 151Cholelithiasis - etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and complications
  18. 152Jaundice - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  19. 153Diseases of hepatic vessels (hepatic vein thrombosis, portal hypertension) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  20. 154Acute liver failure - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  21. 155Liver cirrhosis- classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and complications

Kidney and urinary tract7 topics

  1. 156Glomerulonephritis and nephropathies - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  2. 157Nephritic and nephrotic syndrome - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  3. 158Interstitial nephritis and polycystic kidney disease - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  4. 159Kidney stone disease - etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and complications
  5. 160Syndrome of impaired diuresis - etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations
  6. 161Acute renal failure - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  7. 162Chronic renal failure - classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations

Bone, joints and connective tissue6 topics

  1. 163Rickets and osteomalacia - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  2. 164Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  3. 165Rheumatoid arthritis- etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  4. 166Hyperuricemia and gout - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  5. 167Dermatomyositis and polymyositis - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations
  6. 168Connective tissue diseases (Bechterew's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome) - etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations

Who writes it

Each topic is drafted by a senior student against the syllabus question, sourced from the department’s lectures and textbook, and checked line by line by a second student before it is published. It is exam study support, not clinical guidance, and SuperMed is not affiliated with the university. How content is made

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