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Year 1 · Dental Medicine · Medical University, Plovdiv

Human Biology (Dental Medicine): notes and exam prep for MU Plovdiv

Human Biology (Dental Medicine) for Year 1 Dental Medicine at the Medical University, Plovdiv: all 82 syllabus topics in 4 sections, with exam-focused notes.

What Human Biology (Dental Medicine) has on SuperMed

  • Notes on 0 of the 82 topics so far, written to answer the syllabus question as it is asked.

The Human Biology (Dental Medicine) syllabus

Every topic, numbered as the department numbers it.

Molecular and cell biology27 topics

  1. 1Nucleic acids - DNA localization and structure - The double helix model - Chargaff's rules - DNA conformationsfree
  2. 2Nucleic acids - Linear and circular DNA - DNA functions - Mitochondrial DNA - characteristics, functionsfree
  3. 3Nucleic acids - RNA - structure and types, functions - Differences between RNA and DNAfree
  4. 4Replication of DNA - Necessary elements and mechanism - Replication of linear DNA molecules - Fidelity of replicationfree
  5. 5Replication of circular DNA molecules - Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic replicationfree
  6. 6Transcription - Necessary elements, stages and mechanism - Reverse transcriptionfree
  7. 7Transcription in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes - comparison - Processing of mRNAfree
  8. 8Translation - Necessary elements, stages and mechanismfree
  9. 9Transfer of genetic information - The Central dogma - The genetic code - characteristicsfree
  10. 10Gene therapy - vectors, principlesfree
  11. 11Mutations - characteristics and types - Gene rearrangements and point mutationsfree
  12. 12Genetic engineering - pre- and post-zygotic selection, in vitro fertilizationfree
  13. 13Genetic engineering - cellular hybridization, fusion of embryos (chimeras), animal cloningfree
  14. 14Molecular engineering - Recombinant DNA technologiesfree
  15. 15Submicroscopic structure of chromosomes - Chromatinfree
  16. 16Microscopic structure of chromosomes - Types of chromosomesfree
  17. 17Epigenetic control of gene expression - X-chromosome inactivation - Genomic imprintingfree
  18. 18The normal human karyotype - Numerical chromosomal mutations - aneuploidy and polyploidyfree
  19. 19Structural chromosomal mutations - deletions, duplications, inversions, translocationsfree
  20. 20The eukaryotic cell cycle - Cell cycle regulation - cyclins and Cdkfree
  21. 21Apoptosis - Characteristics - Genetic control, mechanisms, detectionfree
  22. 22Tumor biologyfree
  23. 23Biology and genetics of cancer - Tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenesfree
  24. 24Meiosis - mechanism and stages - Differences between mitosis and meiosisfree
  25. 25Gametogenesis - Spermatogenesis - Oogenesisfree
  26. 26Fertilizationfree
  27. 27Basic molecular biology techniques - DNA electrophoresis, PCR, qPCR, DNA sequencingfree

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Immunology18 topics

  1. 28Innate and adaptive immunity - Characteristics of the immune response
  2. 29Innate immunity - factors and mechanisms
  3. 30Adaptive immunity - Fate of the antigen
  4. 31The immune system - Central and peripheral lymphoid organs
  5. 32Antigens - characteristics, types - Haptens
  6. 33Human alloantigens - Blood group antigens ABO (H), Se and Rhesus
  7. 34Cells and molecules of the immune system - B-cells, T-cells - Characteristics and functions
  8. 35APC, NK-cells - Characteristics and functions
  9. 36Intercellular communications in the immune response - Activation of T- and B-cells - Cytokines
  10. 37Kinetics of the immune response - Humoral and cellular immunity - Primary and secondary immune response - Immunological memory
  11. 38The Complement system - characteristics and functions
  12. 39Antibodies - structure and function - Immunoglobulin classes and characteristics
  13. 40MHC - complex - Structure and function - MHC restriction
  14. 41Transplantation immunology - Immune response in graft rejection - Graft versus host reaction
  15. 42Tumor immunology - Tumor antigens - Tumor escape mechanisms - Immune response to tumors
  16. 43Immunobiology of HIV/AIDS - AIDS
  17. 44Hypersensitivity reactions - general characteristics and types
  18. 45Antigen-antibody reactions - Agglutination, precipitation, immunoelectrophoresis, Western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence, flowcytometry, immunohistochemistry - principles and application

Biology of parasites22 topics

  1. 46Parasitism as a biological phenomenon - Parasites and hosts - Adaptation of the parasite to the host
  2. 47Relationships and interactions between the parasite and the host
  3. 48Subkingdom Protozoa - Subphylum Sarcodina - Genus Entamoeba - Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba gingivalis
  4. 49Genus Trypanosoma - Trypanosoma gambiense, Trypanosoma cruzi (Protozoa, Mastigophora, Kinetoplastida)
  5. 50Genus Leishmania - Leishmania donovani, Leishmania tropica (Protozoa, Mastigophora, Kinetoplastida)
  6. 51Subkingdom Protozoa - Subphylum Mastigophora - Order Diplomonadida - Genus Trichomonas - Trichomonas hominis, Trichomonas tenax, Trichomonas vaginalis - Genus Giardia - Giardia lamblia
  7. 52Class Sporozoa - Malarial plasmodia - types - Morphology and biological cycle
  8. 53Class Sporozoa - Toxoplasma gondii
  9. 54Subkingdom Protozoa - Phylum Ciliophora - Balantidium coli
  10. 55Phylum Platyhelminthes - Class Trematoda - Morphology and general characteristics - Fasciola hepatica - Dicrocoelium dendriticum - Opisthorchis felineus
  11. 56Genus Schistosoma - S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. mansoni
  12. 57Phylum Platyhelminthes - Class Cestoda - Morphology and general characteristics - Diphyllobothrium latum
  13. 58Phylum Platyhelminthes - Class Cestoda - Taenia solium - Taenia saginata
  14. 59Phylum Platyhelminthes - Class Cestoda - Echinococcus granulosus
  15. 60Phylum Nemathelminthes - Class Nematoda - Morphology and general characteristics - Ascaris lumbricoides
  16. 61Class Nematoda - Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Trichinella spiralis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Wuchereria bancrofti, Dracunculus medinensis
  17. 62Phylum Arthropoda - Order Acarina - morphology, biological cycle, medical importance of ticks - Sarcoptes scabiei
  18. 63Class Insecta - Morphology and general characteristics - Order Anoplura (lice) - Pediculus capitis, Pediculus vestimenti, Phthirius pubis
  19. 64Order Aphaniptera (fleas)
  20. 65Order Diptera - genus Culex, genus Anopheles - Phlebotomus papatasii
  21. 66Family Muscidae, Glossina palpalis
  22. 67Practical Exam

Additional dental topics15 topics

  1. 68Posttranslational modification of proteins
  2. 69Ethical aspects of gene therapy
  3. 70Mutagenic factors
  4. 71Cytogenetic analysis. Methods
  5. 72Phases of mitosis
  6. 73Cell biology and molecular techniques: cell culture, microscopy and blotting
  7. 74Genetic control of antibody synthesis. Immunoglobulin genes. Somatic recombination
  8. 75Allelic exclusion. Class switching. Generation of antibody diversity
  9. 76HIV diagnostics and vaccination
  10. 77Immunological tolerance. Transplantation laws
  11. 78Immunodiffusion and related antigen-antibody reactions
  12. 79Origin of parasitism
  13. 80Malaria clinical course
  14. 81Hymenolepis nana
  15. 82Class Arachnoidea: spiders (Araneida) and scorpions (Scorpiones)

Who writes it

Each topic is drafted by a senior student against the syllabus question, sourced from the department’s lectures and textbook, and checked line by line by a second student before it is published. It is exam study support, not clinical guidance, and SuperMed is not affiliated with the university. How content is made

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